Cats, like all living creatures, can experience health problems that can be concerning and sometimes even life-threatening. As a cat owner, it is important to be aware of common health issues that your felines may encounter so that you can provide them with the care and attention they need. In this blog, we will discuss some of the most common health problems in felines and what you can do to keep your furry companion comfortable and healthy. 
1. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) is a general term that encompasses several feline conditions that affect the lower urinary tract of cats. including inflammation of the bladder and urethra. Cats at risk of FLUTD include those who are overweight, as well as those with pre-existing health conditions. Additionally, cats that consume predominantly dry food and struggle to maintain adequate hydration are at risk of developing FLUTD.
Symptoms:
- Straining in the litter box
- Urinating often in small amounts
- Excessive licking of genital area
- Urinating outside the litter box
- Blood in the urine
To prevent FLUTD in cats, it is important to ensure proper hydration by offering fresh water and incorporating wet cat food in their diet. Opting for a well-balanced and high-quality cat food, managing litter box hygiene and mitigating environmental stressors are also effective preventive measures. It is crucial to note that FLUTD is a complex condition, and the causes may vary from one cat to another. It is essential to consult with your veterinarian promptly if you suspect your cat is experiencing any symptoms.
2. Dental Health
Dental issues in cats are very common and can cause discomfort and serious health problems if left untreated. Most adult cats older than 4 years of age suffer from some form of dental issue, such as gingivitis, periodontal disease and tooth resorption. Just like us humans, cats require good dental hygiene. It is important, as cat owners, to diligently and regularly brush your cats’ teeth to eliminate plaque and tartar buildup. While cats might require gradual introduction to tolerate tooth brushing, most can be trained to accept it with patient training.
Cats are experts at concealing pain, so bad breath might be the only symptom of dental problems that you are likely to observe in your cat. Therefore, scheduling annual check ups is important as a primary defence against dental disease.
In severe cases, you may notice the following symptoms:
- Drooling
- Lesions in or around the mouth
- Red, swollen and bleeding gums
- Loss of appetite
- Pawing at mouth
- Loose, broken or missing teeth
3. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV)
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is one of the most common and infectious diseases in cats.
FIV attacks a cat’s immune system, causing it to be severely weakened and making them vulnerable to other infections. It is primarily spread through deep bite wounds and scratches, where the infected cat’s saliva enters the other cat’s bloodstream. FIV is slow acting and that means the signs of infection may not be apparent until years after initial infection occurs.
Symptoms can include:
- Fever
- Nasal discharge with pus
- Lack of appetite
- Swollen lymph nodes
Currently, there is no definitive cure for FIV, but with proper care and minimal stressors, FIV positive cats can live normal lives. Besides annual check ups, the only sure way to protect your cats from FIV is to mitigate their exposure to the virus. This can be done by keeping your cats indoors, away from potentially infected cats that might bite them.
4. Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
Feline leukaemia virus (FIV) is another common infectious disease in cats that causes anaemia, leukaemia and other cancers, and immunodeficiency. Like FIV, it also suppresses the immune system and predisposes cats to deadly infections. FeLV can be transmitted from one cat to another through saliva, blood, and to some extent, urine and faeces.
Symptoms can include:
- Loss of appetites
- Progressive weight loss
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Fever
- Pale gums
- Inflammation of gums and mouth
- Bladder, skin or upper respiratory infections
- Poor coat condition
- Diarrhoea
Similar to FIV, ensuring your cats stay indoors and away from potentially infected cats is an effective method to prevent them from getting FeLV. Fortunately, there are vaccines for FeLV in Singapore. However, this is a non-core vaccine and is recommended only for cats with a higher risk of exposure. Indoors-only cats typically don't need the vaccine, but if your cat goes outdoors, it might be worth considering vaccination.
All in all, staying vigilant about your cat's health is the first line of defence against common illnesses. Regular veterinary check-ups, a balanced diet, and a loving home environment contributes to a happy and healthy life for your feline friend. Understanding the signs of common illnesses and seeking timely professional care can make all the difference for your cat.
